Leox joseph creplet



L. 1. pawn.

AUTOMATIC IEEEAPPARAIUS T0 UNIT All) REGUUIE {HE SPEED OF REVERSIBLEENGINES. Arrucmon mm act. :0. "1a., sumo "I. i. m0.

1,317,270. Pat' nmdse t. 30, 1919.

3 MIKETHNIH l.

I INVENTOR 3y Ailomeys,

L. I. CREPLET.

AUTOMAIIC IELEAPPAHMUS T0 UMH AND RLGULAIE THE SPEED OF REVERSIBLEENGINES.

' APPLICATION FILED ocr. 30. 19:64 RENEWED FEB. 6 IQIB.

1,317,270. PatentmlSept. 30, 1919.

3 SHEEIS-SHEEI 2.

INVENTOR i r 1 W!.TNE55= By A llorncys,

Gall/MU! Qwvu M L. J. CREPLET.

AUTOMATIC TELEAPPARAIUS T0 LIMII AND REGULHE THE SPEED OF REVERSIBLEENGINES. APPLICATION HLED 0U. 30. I916. RlNEWED FEB. 6.1919.

1 ,3 1 '7, 270. Patemodbept. 30, 19:9.

Fig.4.

INVENTORV WITNESS (14 By A llorneys,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEON JOSEPH GBEPLET, PARIS,- FRANCE.

AUTOMATIC TELEAPPAMTUS TO LII IMI'I AND REGULATE THE SPEED OF REVERSIBLEENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 30, 1916, Serial No. 128,489. Renewed February6, 1919. Serial 110,215,455.

To' all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Liion J osnrn CnnrLE'r, a subject. of the King ofBelgium, residing in Paris, France, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Automatic Teleapparatus to Limit and Regulate the Speedof Reversible Engines, of which the followin is a specification.-

, his invention relates to variable speed and reversible engines 1nd todirect or remote controlling means therefor of the kind employing anordinary governor driven by an electric motor the current of which issupplied or controlled by a dynamo driven from the engine to be overned;and the invention has for its 0 ject to provide im-' roved means forcontrolling such engines. ihe aforesaid type of controlling means isdescribed in the specification of British Letters Patent No. 16,673, A.D. 1913, granted to me.

Accordin to the resent invention the engine (tur ine) or ot ier machineto be controlled drives a. dynamo which is in circuit with a constantvoltage dynamo of higher voltage driven from an independent source, thetwo being inversely connected in the circuit, so that any diminution inspeed of the former results in an increased resultant voltage in thecircuit, or vice versa; and in the sa'nie circuit is introduced anelectromotor which responds to such variations of voltage, whereby itsspeed varies inversely with variations of speed of the engine to becontrolled; and this motor drives a centrifugal governor which in turncontrols such engine, as by meansof its throttle. By means of a variableresistance inserted in the excitation circuit of such motor, thestandard of normal speed of the latter, and

' hence that of theengme under control, may

gram;

Fig. 3 is a speed diagram;

Fig. 1 is a view illustrating the application of the invention to thecontrol of marine turbinesfor driving a shi either forward or backward,the mechanical apparatus being shown in elevation and the electricalconnections in diagram.

Referring first to Fig. 1, A is the machine, engine or prime mover, thespeed of which isto be controlled, for example, a steam turbine: a is ashaft of this engine, which may be its power or driving shaft; d is adynamo driven directly or indirectly from the shaft u; c is a constantvoltage dynamo driven from any independent source; m is an elec tromotorwhich directly or indirectly drives a governor R, which latter is thegovernor controlling the engine A, as, for example, by means of athrottle P controlling the How of steam to such engine. Dynamo d isshown excited by a field coil b in shunt to dynamo c; dvniuno a is shownas excited by a shunt fiel coil f; motor m is shown as excited by afield coil h which is connected in sh'unt through a variable resistanceor the dynamdd, whose excitation is constant for any given setting ofthe rheostat 1', furnishes 120 volts when its driving shaft 0 runs atthe normal speed; that the direction of thcrlectromotive force D ofdynamo d is opposed to the electromotive force E of dynamo 0, so thatthe voltage V fed at m is always the difference E-I), and hence has avalue of 120 volts at the normal speed of the machine A; and that thegovernor R runs at a normal speed of say 240 R. P. M., for which speedthe admission of steam corresponds to the work of the machine when theexcitation of h is a minimum, and V is equal to 120 volts (neglectingthe variation in speed of the governor from O to about five per cent.,according as its sleeve is at the top or bottom of its movement.) Underthese conditions, so long as the load of the machine A does not. vary,its speed and that of d is constant; the volta e V then remains PatentedSept. so, 1919.

example, the load increases, A and d slow V increases b the same amount;m and R speed up an the latter acts in the usual manner to increase theadmission of steam. Thus, each time that the machine A runs irregularlythe speed of R is affected inversely, and it varies the steam admissionto adapt it to the new work required of the machine.

If it is desired to change the normal speed of thema'chine A, therheostat r is moved, which varies the excitation of m and hence variesthe s eed of R; thereby a new standard of spec for A is established.

The governor may be installed to act either as a means for limiting thespeed or as a regulator of the speed.

Speed Zimiter.In the first case it only operates when the number ofrevolutions of the engine exceeds a predetermined value and it remainsinactive so long as the number of revolutions is below that allowed.This is the case in winding engines, lifts, tram cars etc.

The speed-limiting apparatus fulfils five functions.

1. When starting, it is required only to act for the purpose ofobviating shocks and excessive accelerations;

2. When the speed is constant, to prevent it from exceeding apredetermined value;

3. Starting from a certain position of the load to cause the engine toslacken radually so as to reach the desired point s owly;

4. If in consequence of inattention or of a wrong movement on the partof the operator the desired point is passed, to stop the engine beforean? damage is done;

5. To modi y the rate of speed according to the circumstances of thework, the nature of the load, etc.-

To fulfil the first four conditions the position of the sliding contactof the rheostat is made to correspond with that of the load by means ofany suitable mechanical connection, while being at the same time alsounder control of the control lever. Each time the control lever isdisplaced the slidingcontact moves a distance such that the governor iscaused to act effectively on the valve gear of the engine.

This will be made clear by reference to Fig. 2,.which shows, as anexample, a machine A which may be a hoisting engine such as are used inmines. The sliding contact r of the rheostat r is displaced by motionderived from the shaft 41 under control of lever L, which in thisinstance may correspond to the. ordinary reversing lever of suchhoisting engines. From the shaft 0. is

driven, through reducing gearing, a shaft S from which movement istransmitted to the sliding contact 1'' at such rate that the lattermakes nearly one complete turn while the load or cage of the hoist ismaking its complete travel.

The governor R, driven as before by a motor m, acts in the same manneras before described on a throttle P controlling the admission of steamtothe engine. The governor R also acts on the controlling element F of thebrake for the engine or hoisting drum, which element may be any knownbrake-controlling means. The connection between the governor sleeve andthe throttle actuates the latter throu h a spring 15 which is compressedafter the I rottle is closed, so as to permit the governor to a ply thebrake when its sleeve completes its escerit. When the sleeve is at 21:the governor makes, for example, 245 R. P. M., the throttle is open, andthe brake is ofi when the overnor falls (say) from 245 to 240 RP, thesleeve descends to 3/ and closes the throttle. If the governor continuesto slow down, assing (say) from 240 to (sa 235 R. P. the sleeve descendsto 2 while compressing the spring 15, and lifts the con-trolling arm ofthe brake-applying device F, which is thus applied more and more as thegovernor continues to slow down. It is understood that when the throttleis closed it will rmit suflicient leakageof steam to enable t e operatorto manipulate the machine at all times, but at very slow speed.

The reverse lever L 1s conntcted in the usual manner to a shaft C whichoperates to IPXGIISG the valve gear in any known manner. An arm on thisshaft carries a roller g which may occupy one of three .positions, v1zz-(1) when the lever is in the stopping position L";

(2) 9 when the lever is thrown fully over to L for'running forward;

(3) f when the lever is thrown fully over to L or running backward.

The roller g, when displaced to g or g, tightens a chain 11 whichconnects a pulley or sprocket wheel on the shaft S to a similar. wheelon the arbor of the sliding contact 1",- so that each time the lever Lis displaced to drive the machine forward or backward, this causes acertain displacement of the contact r. This displacement, when the loadis at the bottom of its tra'vel and the lever is thrown to L, causes thecontact arm to ass from n to 'n (the resistance of the mac ine Apreventing the chain from turning around the shaft S), which speeds-upthe-governor and admits steam.

If the lever L were to be thrown in contrary direction to L, this wouldbring the roller to g and displace r from n to a, a position which slowsdown the governor so that its sleeve falls to z, and the brake isapplied to prevent the niwchine'from runmug in the wron direction. Thusin the case of a hoist, w en the cage is at the hottom and the lever isbrought to L, the brake is set, preventing the starting in the wrongdirection; on the contrary when the cage has reached the to of itscourse the same movement of L to moves arm p away from n, which releasesthe brakeand allows the descent. I l

The resistance introduced in traversing the are from n to n is soproportioned that the throttle is opened sufiiciently to run the engineat a speed which is rapid with.- out being dangerous. 0

Fromvn to it the sliding contact 1*, by reducin the magnetism of motorm, tends to spec up the governor; hence the engine accelerates, thisbeing the period of starting 0, Fig. 3. From a around to n the slidingcontact does not modify the excitation of motor m; this is the period ofnormal runnin at constant speed a b, Fig. 3. Beyond 12 t e contactgradually increases the ex' citation andreduces the speed of thegovernor, which gradually cuts 01f the steam, and the engine slows downuntil at n the throttle is closed and the engine stops (in period bC,Fig. 3). If at this moment the engine is not sto ped, the governor slowsdgwn enon l1 furt er to apply the brake.

Toward t 1e end of the travel the engineer, accordin to habit, throwslever L from L to L9. f he should forget to do this the contact 1" willarrive at a" before the end of the travel and will pass beyond thisposition, thus breaking the circuit through c; in consequence, thegovernor will slow down and apply the brake, thus avoiding all danr.Each time that the engine A reverses its direction, the electromotlveforce D of the d namo d is reversed. This voltage must always be opposedto the voltage E, which is constant; to realize this condition apolechanging commutator may be introduced, driven by friction from theshaft 0:. This commutator is introduced between the armature of d andits exterior circuit in such manner that at each reversal of directionit transposes the connections. Such commutators and their mode ofcontrol are well known and form no part of the present invention.

The fifth object isattained, as will be seen, by having as much slidingcontact resistance available to insert in the exciting circuit of themotor as eorres ends to the range of speeds to be realize Only oneresistance is then in operation at a time, the others being cut out.

The maximum speed A (Fig. 3 depends upon the variation of magnetizationwhich the sliding contact 1" produces, that is to say, upon the amountof the resistance which it introduces and suppresses gradually.

Let us assume, for example, that the maduced by half.

If there is given to the regulating re- ',sistance a value still less,the maximum speed of the machine will be reduced still more.

There will be provided as many regulating resistances for the slidingcontact r as it is desired to have of maximum normal running speeds, butthere will never be more than one 1n service.

The more the magnetization of m, that is to 'sa the voltage of its fieldh is varied, the greater will be the maximum speed of the machine A(Fig. 3).

A great number of maximum speeds A", A", etc., can be attained byvarying the voltage of the field of m in the following manner. Upon theregulating rcsistum-e controlled by the. rheostat r, there is arrangedin parallel a second resistance thatis modified by a sliding contact 8(Fig. 2) operative by and; For example, if s is at a, all resistance iseliminated and no displacement of T will modify the magnetization of mand consequently the machine is forced to stop.

If s is put at 8,, the displacement of '1' would produce in themagnetization of mthe maximum variation.

On bringing it successively from s, to s, the machine will take on allmaximum speeds from zero to A (Fig. 3).

Speed 'rcgulatar.lVhen the apparatus is re uired not merely to limit butalso continua ly to govern the engine. the operator operates the slidingcontact directly, and it is then made independent of the engine A. Formoving the contact it may be carried by a hand lever L.

Each time the operator displaces this lever the governor acquires a newspeed. and consequently by acting on the valve gear of the enginennparts a new speed to the latter.

Before displacing the sliding contact the operator must set the valvegear of the engine in the required direction. The two operations areunder control of a single lever L, as has been described with referenceto Fig. 2.

When a forward and reverse movement of the drive shaft are obtained bytwo separate engines (on turbine boats for examp c).the mechanism openssometimes the regulating valve of one engine and sometimes the regutothe lating valve of the other, accordin be dedirection of motionrequired, as wi scribedwith reference to Fig. 4.

This object may well be attained by roviding. each engine with agovernor. he control lever then acts on the excitations of the motorsoperating the governors in the desired dii'ection.

This is illustrated in Fig. 4 where the two engines A A have their amission valves P P operated by governors R R driven respectively by themotors m, m, the fields of which are in series with two rheostats r 1'controlled by sliding contacts r connected to the control lever L whichis movable from the stoppin point Lto either full ahead at L or fullastern at L. When this lever is at the stopping point the contactsoccupy the ositions shown, the two governors then having their sleevesfully down and their admission valves closed. To run forward L isdisplaced from L to L, which leaves 1' out and cuts in 1-; this speedsup m and R, which latter 0 ns the forward admission valve P, driving theforward engine A while the motor m preserves an invariable s' eed,because the resistance 1' does not c ange. For runnin backward thecontrary movement is ma e, which drops R to the mini-mum and speeds up mR which opens the admission to the backward runmug engine A. Thegovernors R R may operate the admission valves P P in any suitablemanner, as throu h the intervention of auxiliar oil motors, t e valvesto which are control ed by the governors, as is well known and in commonuse on electro-generating turbines of constant speed. The main circuithas at E a uniform volta e generated by a dynamo (as c, Fig. 1), and isin series with the dynamo d which is driven from the propeller shaft a,the electrical arrangement eing thus the same in this respect as shownin Fig. 1. The pilots control apparatus Q is shown as similar to theexisting marine telegraph. The lever L carries the sliding contact Twhich always makes contact with an are u connected to one circuit lead,and in its .midosition L" makes direct connection throug slidingcontacts with the wires leading to the res ective exciting coils of themotors m 111.. Sn displacing the lever in one direction toward L itintroduces the resistance r in series with the exciter of m; on dislacing it in the contrary direction towar L it introduces the resistancer in" series with the exciter of m. By means of a reversin commutator asreferred to hereinabove, t e electromotive force D generated by d 1 :isalways opposed to the exterior voltage a g It results from these:arrangements that we have in the motors m m 240 volts when the screw isat rest;

240120=120 volts when the screw is at full speed forward or backward.

The governors are so adjusted that the sleeve of each is at its bottomstroke with the admission valve closed, as for example, 240 R. P. M.; orat its top stroke with the admission valve open at 250 R. P. M.

The resistances r r are so proportioned that when the screw is at rest,that is, when the voltage at the motors m m is at 240 volts, thegovernors make 3-240 R. P. M. for R and 240 R. P. M. for R if thehandieis at L; 500 R. P. M. for R and 240 R. P. M. for R if the handle is at L'240 R. P. M. for R and 500 R. P. M. for in if the handle is atL. v

Hence, if the handle is thrown from D to L, R accelerates and opens theadmission valve P and the screw is driven (say) forward; R slows down asthe potential at the motors gradually diminishes. At full speed it fallsto 120 volts, which gives for the governors '-vm=250 R. P. for R.1

Consequently, the admission valve P for engine A is wide open and valveP remains closed. If the screw tends to race, as on lifting out ofwater, R slows down, shutting off the steam and reducing the speed tothe normal.

It will be understood that for each intermediate position of the handleL the screw will take a speed roportional to the angle of dis lacement oL. When reversing the contro handle L, the conditions are reversed andthe screw is driven in the contrary direction. v

.If the screw is at full speed and it is desired to reverse the speedvery quick] it is only necessary to throw the andle over from oneextreme position to the other. If from L to L the excitation of motor mis increased by (say? 4%, m slows down to 240 R. M. P. and a] steam iscut off from the turbine A. If the pilot thus reverses the leverinstantl that is, before the screw has time to slow own, the governorsat the end of this'movement will have 120 volts at their 12O R. P. M.for R motors; their speeds will therefore be half of that given abovewhen the screw is at rest and the lever at L, namely =120 R. P. M. for Rand g2=25o a. P. M. for R,

which shows that the governor for engine A is open, admittingcounter-steam. Under the efi'ect of this steam the screw slows downrapidly, thus causing the voltage at the mothat the voltage it deliversis proportional'to its number of revolutions. A voltmeter shunted acrossits terminals will indicate or register at any distance the speed of theengine at ever instant.

In order t iat the governor may control the machine or engine to whichit is attached according to a specified rule of working, it is notalways suilicient that. it should act on Ihe driving force. In a casewhere the kinetic energy accumulated in the engine would prevent it fromslowing down, or

where the engine continues to move in spite of the elimination of thedriving force (as in the case of a hoist when the load is descending) itis necessary for the governor to create a resisting efl'ort. It mayapply either the brake, or the counter-pressure steam (i. e. the steamused for reversing an engine) or a eounter-curi-(mt in an electricmotor.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis 1. llleans for controlling the speed of a machine comprising agovernor, an electric motor continuously driving such governor, a

circuit feeding said motor including a source of constant voltage and adynamo ,driven by the machine to be governed, generating a lesservariable voltage with its po tcntial opposed to that fromksaid source,whereby the speed of the motor varies in versely to that of the dynamo.

2. Means for controlling the speed of a machine comprising a governor,an electric motor continuously driving such governor, a circuit feedingsaid motor including a source of constant voltage and a dynamo driven bythe machine to be governed, generating a lesser variable voltage withits potential opposed to that from said source, and

, a variable rheostat for controlling the excitation of said motoiz.

3. Means for controlling the speed of a machine comprising a-governor anelectric motor continuously driving sue governor, a circuit feeding saidmotor including a source of constant voltage and a dynamo driven by themachine to be governed, and a plurality of variable rheostats'forcontrolling the excitation of said motor, having independcntmeans for oratin them.

4, Means for contro ling t e speed of a machine comprising agovernorthercfor, an electric motor contmuously driving the governor, acircuit fat-din such motor, a dynamo in said circuit driven by saidmachine, and means independent of said circuit for varying theexcitation of said motor.

Means for auton'iatically controlling a reversible machine comprising agovernor and a control gear including a reversing lever, an electricmotor continuously driving said governor, a circuit feeding such motor,and means inde ndent of such circuit for varying the excitation of saidmotor, comprising a rheost-at operated by said reverslng glelar.

6. cans for controlling the speed of a machine, comprising a centrifugalgovernor controlling such machine, an electric motor driving suchgovernor, a circuit feeding such motor, including a source of constantvoltage, and a dynamo ,driven by the machine to be governed, and meanscontrollable inde pendently of said circuit for varying the excitationof said motor.

7. Means for controlling the speed of a machine, comprisin a centrifugalgovernor, an electric motor riving such governor, a circuit feeding suchmotor, such circuit having a source of constant voltage, a dynamo ofconstant excitation driven by the machine to be governed, connected insaid circuit, with its electromotive force opposed to and less than thevoltage from said source, whereby the speed of the governor motoraugments as that of said dynamo diminishes, and vice versa, so as toactuate the governor in the direction required for the regulation of themachine.

8. The system of claim 7 combined with means for varying the standardspeed, comprising a resistance introduced in the inductor circuit of thegovernor motor, with 111811.

ually controlled means for varying such resistance.

9. The system of claim 7 combined with means for reversing the directionof rotation of such machine.

10. The system of claim 7 combined with means for reversin the machine,operated manually, and sp -controlling means 0 erated automatically fromthe machine to governed.

11. The system of claim 10, including a rheostat for changing theresistance in the inductor circuit of the governor motor, operated fromboth the reversing means and the machine. r

12. The system of claim 10, comprising a rheostat for chan 'ng theresistance in. the inductor circuit 0 the overnor motor, and means foroperating it rom both the reversng means and the machine, such meanscomprising a connection for shifting the rheostat geared to'the machineto be governed,

and a connection to the reversing means signed my name in the presenceof two subadapted to displace the rheostat to vary the QCIlblIlgwltnesses.

speed of the governor motor and hence to LEON JOSEPH CREPLET. centre}the speed of the machine in either Wit 5 dlrectlon. CHAS. P. PRESSLY,

In witness whereof, I have hereunto HENRI CARTIER.

